Florida Standards
- SS.912.W.2.7 Analyze causes (Justinian’s Plague, ongoing attacks from the “barbarians,” the Crusades, and internal political turmoil) of the decline of the Byzantine Empire.
- SS.912.W.2.10 Describe the orders of medieval social hierarchy, the changing role of the Church, the emergence of feudalism, and the development of private property as a distinguishing feature of Western Civilization.
- SS.912.W.2.11 Describe the rise and achievements of significant rulers in medieval Europe.
- SS.912.W.2.12 Recognize the importance of Christian monasteries and convents as centers of education, charitable and missionary activity, economic productivity, and political power.
- SS.912.W.2.14 Describe the causes and effects of the Great Famine of 1315–1316, The Black Death, The Great Schism of 1378, and the Hundred Years War on Western Europe.
- SS.912.W.2.15 Determine the factors that contributed to the growth of a modern economy.
- SS.912.W.2.16 Trace the growth and development of national identity in England, France, and Spain.
- SS.912.W.2.17 Identify key figures, artistic, and intellectual achievements of the medieval period in Western Europe.
- SS.912.W.2.18 Describe developments in medieval English legal and constitutional history and their importance to the rise of modern democratic institutions and procedures.
- SS.912.W.3.3 Determine the causes, effects, and extent of Islamic military expansion through Central Asia, North Africa, and the Iberian Peninsula.
- SS.912.W.3.7 Analyze the causes, key events, and effects of the European response to Islamic expansion beginning in the 7th century.
- SS.912.W.3.8 Identify important figures associated with the Crusades.
- SS.912.W.4.7 Identify criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church by individuals such as Wycliffe, Hus and Erasmus and their impact on later reformers.
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Textbook
Chapter 10: Medieval Kingdoms in Europe (225-246)
Chapter 12: Crusades and Culture (277-302)
Unit 3 Workbook Pages
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Unit Notes and Assignments
The Age of Charlemagne
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Development of Feudalism......The Vikings are coming! |
Build your Manor ActivityWith a partner, you are going to create a medieval manor. There are 10 things needed on a manor.
- Village, Manor House, Church, Mill, Water source, Three field system, Forrest, Orchard, Kitchen building, Roads |
Knights and Chivalry |
The Dark Ages by the History Channel
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Explain how the development in agriculture, trade, and the growth of cities are related to the rise of a modern economy in Europe.
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Role and Power of the Church in the Middle Ages
The Crusades: Causes, Effects, and Lasting Impact
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Crusades Poster Assignment
Magna Carta |
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The Bubonic Plague (Black Death) |
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Hundred Years War
Origin of The Finger
(This may or may not be true but it is told repeatedly....so here you go)
In 1415, Henry the V took his army of around 6,000 men across the English Channel and into southern France. After cutting trees and preparing large pointed sticks, Henry marched his army northwest for 17 days and over 270 miles. With only one day's rest, the mighty force was haggard and exhausted by the time they reached the flat land between the forest of Agincourt.
The French army, consisting of 25,000 troops, 15,000 of which were mounted knights in armor, arrived on the evening of October 24. Their army was a mishmash of Frenchmen from all over the feudal country. It rained hard that night, and both armies were soaked to the bone my morning. Most French knights slept in the saddle so as not to sully their expensive and ornate armor.
On the morning of October 25, the French and British armies were salty and ready to fight. Henry moved his troops slowly up the 1/2 mile wide passage between the two forests of Agincourt. By 11 Am, the French commanders were still bickering over tactics and whether or not to charge all the while the British were within 400 yards of the French.
Now what made the battle of Agincourt so interesting was the introduction of the Welsh long bow. This weapon could dismount a rider at 300 yards and with top notch arrows, could pierce armor at close range.
The French King had heard of the longbow and smugly claimed that when the fight was over, he would cut the bow finger from every Englishman in France. As the long bow was made from the yew tree, it took great strength to draw the bow back and without the middle finger, this would be impossible.
When Henry had his troops within bowshot of the French, he loosed the first of many volleys of arrows. The French, caught off guard, charged with half their forces. The Duke of Orleans barely made it 200 yards before his knights broke and ran under a hail of deadly wood and steel. Many of the knights sank into the mud and were trampled as the horses and frightened soldiers pummeled them into a fine paste.
Those knights that did make it to the British front lines were let upon by unarmored soldiers carrying short swords, who plunged their blades into the joints of the French armor. All this came after a great number of horses were impaled upon the huge pointed sticks the British had placed in the ground in front of them.
At the end of the day, the French had lost some 10,000 men, and the British mourned only 500 dead. In one day, the Hundred Years War had turned and the long bow had successfully defeated the myth of the invincible knight in armor.
The French nobility stood horrified on a hill over looking the battle when the Englishmen in mass turned to face them, middle finger held high for the French to see.
Shakespeare went on to glorify this battle, and the French, to vilify it. For the next 100 years, every lad over the age of 6 in Britain was required to be instructed in the firing and maintaining of the long bow.
In response to this, the French began cutting off the index and middle fingers of all British men caught in battle or on French land, thus removing the digits that allowed the firing of a bow. This is where the British tradition of waving two fingers at someone as an insult arose. And, the very American middle fingered salute or "the bird," is a descendant of this. As the feathers on the arrow were made of pheasant feathers, the saying “Giving the bird” soon arose.
- http://history-world.org/Agincourt%20and%20the%20finger.htm
(This may or may not be true but it is told repeatedly....so here you go)
In 1415, Henry the V took his army of around 6,000 men across the English Channel and into southern France. After cutting trees and preparing large pointed sticks, Henry marched his army northwest for 17 days and over 270 miles. With only one day's rest, the mighty force was haggard and exhausted by the time they reached the flat land between the forest of Agincourt.
The French army, consisting of 25,000 troops, 15,000 of which were mounted knights in armor, arrived on the evening of October 24. Their army was a mishmash of Frenchmen from all over the feudal country. It rained hard that night, and both armies were soaked to the bone my morning. Most French knights slept in the saddle so as not to sully their expensive and ornate armor.
On the morning of October 25, the French and British armies were salty and ready to fight. Henry moved his troops slowly up the 1/2 mile wide passage between the two forests of Agincourt. By 11 Am, the French commanders were still bickering over tactics and whether or not to charge all the while the British were within 400 yards of the French.
Now what made the battle of Agincourt so interesting was the introduction of the Welsh long bow. This weapon could dismount a rider at 300 yards and with top notch arrows, could pierce armor at close range.
The French King had heard of the longbow and smugly claimed that when the fight was over, he would cut the bow finger from every Englishman in France. As the long bow was made from the yew tree, it took great strength to draw the bow back and without the middle finger, this would be impossible.
When Henry had his troops within bowshot of the French, he loosed the first of many volleys of arrows. The French, caught off guard, charged with half their forces. The Duke of Orleans barely made it 200 yards before his knights broke and ran under a hail of deadly wood and steel. Many of the knights sank into the mud and were trampled as the horses and frightened soldiers pummeled them into a fine paste.
Those knights that did make it to the British front lines were let upon by unarmored soldiers carrying short swords, who plunged their blades into the joints of the French armor. All this came after a great number of horses were impaled upon the huge pointed sticks the British had placed in the ground in front of them.
At the end of the day, the French had lost some 10,000 men, and the British mourned only 500 dead. In one day, the Hundred Years War had turned and the long bow had successfully defeated the myth of the invincible knight in armor.
The French nobility stood horrified on a hill over looking the battle when the Englishmen in mass turned to face them, middle finger held high for the French to see.
Shakespeare went on to glorify this battle, and the French, to vilify it. For the next 100 years, every lad over the age of 6 in Britain was required to be instructed in the firing and maintaining of the long bow.
In response to this, the French began cutting off the index and middle fingers of all British men caught in battle or on French land, thus removing the digits that allowed the firing of a bow. This is where the British tradition of waving two fingers at someone as an insult arose. And, the very American middle fingered salute or "the bird," is a descendant of this. As the feathers on the arrow were made of pheasant feathers, the saying “Giving the bird” soon arose.
- http://history-world.org/Agincourt%20and%20the%20finger.htm
Unit 3 Study Guide: The Middle Ages in Europe
To be best prepared for your test review your notes, handouts, and goal sheet from the unit. Answer the questions below using your work and the textbook chapters from this unit.
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